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==Events== * 307 – After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Maximian. * 627 – Battle of the Trench: Muhammad undergoes a 14-day siege at Medina (Saudi Arabia) by Meccan forces under Abu Sufyan. *1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at Vézelay, urging the necessity of a Second Crusade. Louis VII is present, and joins the Crusade. *1492 – Queen Isabella of Castille issues the Alhambra Decree, ordering her 150,000 Jewish and Muslim subjects to convert to Christianity or face expulsion. *1561 – The city of San Cristóbal, Táchira is founded. *1717 – A sermon on "The Nature of the Kingdom of Christ" by Benjamin Hoadly, the Bishop of Bangor, provokes the Bangorian Controversy. *1774 – American Revolutionary War: The Kingdom of Great Britain orders the port of Boston, Massachusetts closed pursuant to the Boston Port Act. *1822 – The massacre of the population of the Greek island of Chios by soldiers of the Ottoman Empire following an attempted rebellion, depicted by the French artist Eugène Delacroix. *1854 – Commodore Matthew Perry signs the Convention of Kanagawa with the Japanese government, opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade. *1866 – The Spanish Navy bombs the harbor of Valparaíso, Chile. *1877 – The family with samurai antecedents that responded to the Saigō army in Ōita Nakatsu, rebels. *1885 – The United Kingdom establishes the Bechuanaland Protectorate. *1889 – The Eiffel Tower is officially opened. *1899 – Malolos, capital of the First Philippine Republic, was captured by American forces. *1903 – Richard Pearse allegedly makes a powered flight in an early aircraft. *1906 – The Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (later the National Collegiate Athletic Association) is established to set rules for college sports in the United States. *1909 – Serbia accepts Austrian control over Bosnia and Herzegovina. * 1909 – Construction of the ill fated RMS Titanic begins. *1910 – Six North Staffordshire Pottery towns federate to form modern Stoke-on-Trent. *1913 – The Vienna Concert Society rioted during a performance of modernist music by Arnold Schoenberg, Alban Berg, Alexander von Zemlinsky, and Anton von Webern, causing a premature end to the concert due to violence; this concert became known as the Skandalkonzert. *1917 – The United States takes possession of the Danish West Indies after paying $25 million to Denmark, and renames the territory the United States Virgin Islands. *1918 – Massacre of ethnic Azerbaijanis is committed by allied armed groups of Armenian Revolutionary Federation and Bolsheviks. Nearly 12,000 Azerbaijani Muslims are killed. * 1918 – Daylight saving time goes into effect in the United States for the first time. *1921 – The Royal Australian Air Force is formed. *1930 – The Motion Picture Production Code is instituted, imposing strict guidelines on the treatment of sex, crime, religion and violence in film, in the U.S., for the next thirty-eight years. *1931 – An earthquake destroys Managua, Nicaragua, killing 2,000. * 1931 – TWA Flight 599 crashes near Bazaar, Kansas, killing eight, including University of Notre Dame head football coach Knute Rockne. *1933 – The Civilian Conservation Corps is established with the mission of relieving rampant unemployment in the United States. *1942 – World War II: Japanese forces invade Christmas Island, then a British possession. *1945 – World War II: A defecting German pilot delivers a Messerschmitt Me 262A-1, the world's first operational jet-powered fighter aircraft, to the Americans, the first to fall into Allied hands. *1949 – The Dominion of Newfoundland joins the Canadian Confederation and becomes the 10th Province of Canada. *1951 – Remington Rand delivers the first UNIVAC I computer to the United States Census Bureau. *1957 – Elections to the Territorial Assembly of the French colony Upper Volta are held. After the elections PDU and MDV form a government. *1958 – In the Canadian federal election, the Progressive Conservatives, led by John Diefenbaker, win the largest percentage of seats in Canadian history, with 208 seats of 265. *1959 – The 14th Dalai Lama, crosses the border into India and is granted political asylum. *1964 – A coup d'état in Brazil establishes a military government, under the aegis of general Castelo Branco. *1966 – The Soviet Union launches Luna 10 which later becomes the first space probe to enter orbit around the Moon. *1970 – Explorer 1 re-enters the Earth's atmosphere after 12 years in orbit. *1979 – The last British soldier leaves the Maltese Islands. Malta declares its Freedom Day (Jum il-Helsien). *1980 – The Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad operates its final train after being ordered to liquidate its assets because of bankruptcy and debts owed to creditors. *1985 – The first WrestleMania, the biggest wrestling event from the WWE (then the WWF), takes place in Madison Square Garden in New York. *1986 – Six metropolitan county councils are abolished in England. *1990 – Approximately 200,000 protestors take to the streets of London to protest against the newly introduced Poll Tax. *1991 – Georgian independence referendum, 1991: Nearly 99 percent of the voters support the country's independence from the Soviet Union. *1992 – The , the last active United States Navy battleship, is decommissioned in Long Beach, California. *1994 – The journal ''Nature'' reports the finding in Ethiopia of the first complete ''Australopithecus afarensis'' skull. *2004 – Iraq War in Anbar Province: In Fallujah, Iraq, four American private military contractors working for Blackwater USA, are killed after being ambushed. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「March 31」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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